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Finding the P-value given the test statistic

11/9/2018

11 Comments

 

Intro

Howdy!  I'm Professor Curtis of Aspire Mountain Academy here with more statistics homework help.  Today, we're going to learn how to find the P-value given the test statistic.  Here's our problem statement: Use technology to find the P-value for the hypothesis test described below.  The claim is that, for a smartphone carrier’s data speeds at airports, the mean is mu = 18.00 Mbps.  The sample size is n = 29, and the test statistic is t = 2.074.

Solution

OK, finding the P-value here is really easy if you understand one simple concept.  And that is that the P-value is the area in the tail of the distribution bounded by the test statistic.  And that’s why the test statistic is given here, because it provides the boundary for that area in our distribution.

But which distribution are we going to be using?  Well, look at your test statistic.  Your test statistic is a t-score.  That means we’re going to be using the Student-t distribution.  So I’m going to call up StatCrunch here, and inside StatCrunch, I’m going to go to Stat –> Calculators –> T because I want the Student-t distribution.

Now here’s my Student-t calculator.  The degrees of freedom is one less than the sample size, and that’s why they gave us the sample size here.  In this case, it’s 29, so our degrees of freedom will be one less than that, which is 28.

And then we need to get this inequality sign here right, and that’s got to match our alternative hypothesis.  Well, to get the alternative hypothesis, we have to look at the claim.  The claim here is that mean value equals 18.  Well, equality by definition belongs with the null hypothesis, so we can’t adopt the claim as the alternative hypothesis, which means we have to take the complement of this.  The complement of being equal to is being not equal to, and not equal to means we’re going to have a two-tailed test.  So I’m going to come up here in my distribution calculator and select the Between option, because the P-value is actually split between the left and right tail of my distribution.  And now I’ve got two test statistics: One is going to be positive, and one is going to be negative.  So I’m going to put those values in here.

And now I’ve got everything that I need, I go ahead and hit Compute! and out comes the area in between the tails.  Remember that in StatCrunch, this Between option is calculating the area in between the tails.  But the P-value is the area of the tails, so I have to take the complement of this area that’s between the tails to get the area of the tails.  So I call up my little calculator here, take 1 minus this value here, and there is my P-value.  I’m asked to round to three decimal places.  Good job!

And that's how we do it at Aspire Mountain Academy.  Feel free to leave your comments below and let us know how good a job we did or how we can improve.  And if your stats teacher is just boring or doesn't want to help you learn stats, then go to aspiremountainacademy.com, where you can learn more about accessing our lecture videos or provide feedback on what you’d like to see.  Thanks for watching!  We’ll see you in the next video!
11 Comments
Jordan Humphrey
10/25/2019 05:45:58 pm

Thank you so much! Your video is exactly what I needed when I couldn't find help ANYWHERE else. It was great and much appreciated !

Reply
Derik
4/13/2020 10:43:28 pm

You're a godsend. If my professor was half as good as you I wouldn't have to be searching the internet

Reply
Bethanie
7/7/2020 08:19:29 pm

Life saver!

Reply
Sandi Moreno
7/8/2020 06:29:42 pm

Professor Curtis,

Hello all the way from Idaho! I wanted to reach out and tell you how incredibly helpful your videos have been. I am currently taking a summer course in Statistics with Professor Gary Thomas. I tell ya, it's a hell of a course and I am feeling the time crunch of it all but I am getting through it with your videos.

Thank you again for sharing your knowledge with all of us.

Reply
Brandon Edwards
7/16/2020 12:18:15 am

How would compute this with my TI-84 can't use stat crunch on the the actual test

Reply
Shah Mohammad Polash link
10/23/2020 10:34:41 pm

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Sofia Orfanidis
10/29/2020 04:36:45 pm

I just want to say thank you!! I love your videos and I use them for every assignment! They are so helpful!

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Shah Mohammad Polash link
11/23/2020 01:48:47 am

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Lucy
12/14/2020 03:39:40 pm

Your videos have literally saved me! Thank you so much for helping me throughout this stats course! If only my professor was this helpful lol.

Reply
Crisie
12/23/2020 01:39:23 pm

Can you do this one in stat crunch. Thanks.

Use technology to find the​ P-value for the hypothesis test described below.
The claim is that for 12 AM body​ temperatures, the mean is μ<98.6°F. The sample size is n=5 and the test statistic is t=−2.032.
​

Reply
David Balducci link
7/1/2021 01:25:06 pm

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This Article Really Amazing And So Much Helpful For Me. Keep It Up. Thanks.

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    Frustrated with a particular MyStatLab/MyMathLab homework problem?  No worries!  I'm Professor Curtis, and I'm here to help.

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